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Installing a VPS with Ubuntu Server 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron) for Drupal 6.x

baddoel — Fri, 03 Sep 2010 08:28:38 +0000

Besides its success on the desktop, Ubuntu has become a popular server distribution as well. With the release of Hardy Heron 8.04, Canonical is making this release a Long Term Support (LTS) version, with 5 years support on servers.

Many hosting companies offering dedicted and virtual private servers (VPS) offer Ubuntu as an option. That is not a surprise, because Ubuntu provides all the benefits that Debian provides: community maintained, vast repository of software packages, and superior dependency management, with more up to date packages.

Drupal runs best on the LAMP stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP). This article describes how to setup Ubuntu Server 8.04 LTS for use with Drupal, making sure all the required software is configured, with special tweaks for performance and development.

The article assumes that this is either a dedicated server, or a VPS. The usage of the server can be either a live server, or a development machine.
Installing Ubuntu Server

If you are on a VPS provided by a hosting company, they would have installed Ubuntu for you from images they maintain. Therefore, you can skip this section if you are using a VPS.

Install Ubuntu normally using the installation instructions on Ubuntu’s web site.

When you reach the stage of selecting a Package Task, only select OpenSSH server. Do not select LAMP server nor Mail server. We will do those manually later, in order to control exactly what gets installed.
Configuring a Static IP address

Note: If you are on a VPS, skip this section. In fact, you can lose access to your server inadverently if you make a mistake here.

When the system reboots, you need to assign a static address to it if it is a live server.

Edit the file /etc/network/interfaces to be as follows. Replace the IP address in the address and gateway with the correct values.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.240
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1

Restart the networking stack.

# /etc/init.d/networking restart

If this is a remote server, with no console access, then it is best if you double check the settings and reboot instead of restarting the network.
Update to the latest packages

If you are installing from a CD, then the repository would have updated packages that are more recent than the ones on your CD. Before we install any software, let us make sure that we have the latest packages

# aptitude update && aptitude dist-upgrade

If the upgrade includes new kernel versions, we need to reboot now, so that we don’t have to do it later.

# shutdown -r now

Install Apache, MySQL and PHP5

We now proceed with installing Apache, MySQL and PHP5 (the AMP part of the LAMP software stack). This configuration assumes that you will be using mod_php to run PHP as an Apache module. This is suitable for most regular traffic sites. For a more high performance option for higher traffic sites, you may want to run Apache with PHP as fcgid.

For a mail server, we first install postfix as a personal preference. Ubuntu provides exim4 by default. If you are more comfortable with exim4 as a mail server, then skip this step. Ubuntu will install exim4 as part of the LAMP stack automatically.

# aptitude install postfix

When prompted, select “Internet site”.

Then we install Apache2:

# aptitude install apache2 apache2-threaded-dev

After that we install the MySQL database server:

# aptitude install mysql-server

When asked for a root password for MySQL, just hit Enter.

And then we follow that by PHP5, PHP5′s image handling (gd) and its connection to MySQL:

# aptitude install php5 php5-gd php5-mysql

Finally, we install a few packages that would allow us to install things from PHP’s PECL and PEAR repositories. This would make installing apc and xdebug far easier than doing that from source.

# aptitude install php5-dev php-pear make

Optional: Install APC

If this is a live server, it is recommended that you install APC to boost PHP’s performance.

# pecl install apc

Create a config file for it named /etc/php5/conf.d/apc.ini and put the following lines in it:

extension=apc.so
apc.shm_size=40

Optional: Install XCache

Alternatively, you can use the XCache op-code cache.

# aptitude install php5-xcache

For more details check our article on configuring XCache.
Optional: Install Xdebug

If this is a development server, you may want to install Xdebug if you are using a development environment that supports it. It helps with debugging and profiling PHP applications.

Different IDEs like Komodo, Eclipse and even vim have support for Xdebug.

# pecl install xdebug

We have an article on using vim and Xdebug for debugging Drupal that you may want to check.
Increase the memory for PHP

Ubuntu has changed the default for PHP’s maximum memory size for scripts often. It used to be 8MB, then was pushed to 128MB with 7.10, and now with 8.04, it is back to 16MB. While this is adequate for Drupal’s core, installing several contributed modules will often exhaust that. So start with 32MB by creating a new file /etc/php5/conf.d/local.ini and put the following memory_limit line to:

memory_limit = 32M

Configure Apache’s mod_rewrite

Drupal’s Clean URLs are a very useful feature. It requires the Apache mod_rewrite.

First, enable the Apache module by executing this command:

# a2enmod rewrite

Then, edit the file /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default, and change this section:
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all

So the line will be:

AllowOverride All

More Apache Configuration

There are a few Apache modules that are not really needed. We better disable them to save some memory.

# a2dismod cgi
# a2dismod autoindex

We may also get better performance if we compress the HTML before we send it to the browser. For this we enable the deflate module.

# a2enmod deflate

Finally, restart Apache

# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Download and Extract Drupal

First download Drupal by doing this:

# cd /tmp/
# wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/drupal/files/projects/drupal-6.14.tar.gz

Then extract the tarball

# cd /var/www/
# tar xzf /tmp/drupal-6.14.tar.gz

Move the files to the web root of the server

# mv drupal-6.14/* /var/www

And don’t forget the hidden file …

# mv drupal-6.14/.htaccess /var/www

Remove the file index.html, so Drupal’s index.php will be the one that is executed by Apache

# rm index.html

Then change the permissions of all the Drupal files to be owned by something other than the user Apache runs as: www-data

# chown -R root:root /var/www

Then, create a files directory that is owned by the www-data user, so Drupal can write images, pictures and uploaded files there. Note that if you have a multi site install, you will need to create one files directory for each site, e.g. /var/www/sites/example.com/files:

# mkdir /var/www/sites/default/files
# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/sites/default/files

Create the Drupal database

The following command will create a database for Drupal:

# mysqladmin create db

Then grant privileges to it:

# mysql

Then enter the following two lines at the MySQL prompt:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON db.* TO user@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘something’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Installing Drupal

We are now ready to install Drupal.

Point your browser to the server (e.g. http://example.com) and you should be greeted by Drupal’s installer.

You will need to use the following values:

Database name: db

Database user name: user

Database password: something

Enjoy …

Source : http://2bits.com/articles/installing-a-dedicated-server-or-a-vps-with-ubuntu-server-804-lts-hardy-heron-drupal-6x.html

Tips Using Nmap IP and Port Scanner on Ubuntu

baddoel — Mon, 30 Aug 2010 11:14:01 +0000

Nmap (Network Mapper) is a security scanner originally written by Gordon Lyon (also known by his pseudonym Fyodor Vaskovich) used to discover hosts and services on a computer network, thus creating a “map” of the network. Nmap runs on Linux, Microsoft Windows, Solaris, HP-UX and BSD variants (including Mac OS X), and also on AmigaOS and SGI IRIX.[2] Linux is the most popular nmap platform with Windows following it closely.

It’s very easy to install nmap in Ubuntu, just download from the internet :

zullfree@zullfree:~$ sudo apt-get install nmap
[sudo] password for zullfree:
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
linux-headers-2.6.32-21 linux-headers-2.6.32-21-generic
Use ‘apt-get autoremove’ to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
liblua5.1-0
The following NEW packages will be installed:
liblua5.1-0 nmap
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 29 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,671kB of archives.
After this operation, 6,541kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://id.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/main liblua5.1-0 5.1.4-5 [82.2kB]
Get:2 http://id.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/main nmap 5.00-3 [1,589kB]
Fetched 1,671kB in 5s (303kB/s)
Selecting previously deselected package liblua5.1-0.
(Reading database … 149317 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking liblua5.1-0 (from …/liblua5.1-0_5.1.4-5_i386.deb) …
Selecting previously deselected package nmap.
Unpacking nmap (from …/archives/nmap_5.00-3_i386.deb) …
Processing triggers for man-db …
Setting up liblua5.1-0 (5.1.4-5) …

Setting up nmap (5.00-3) …

Processing triggers for libc-bin …
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place

to run nmap to scan ip address with range 10.10.28.0 – 10.10.28.254, you just run command :

zullfree@zullfree:~$ nmap -sP 10.10.28.0/24

and the result :

Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2010-08-30 17:23 WIT
Host 10.10.28.1 is up (0.00025s latency).
Host 10.10.28.3 is up (0.00032s latency).
Host 10.10.28.7 is up (0.000098s latency).
Host 10.10.28.9 is up (0.00022s latency).
Host 10.10.28.21 is up (0.00032s latency).
Host 10.10.28.22 is up (0.00030s latency).
Host 10.10.28.41 is up (0.0012s latency).
Host 10.10.28.42 is up (0.0011s latency).
Host 10.10.28.43 is up (0.0010s latency).
Host 10.10.28.44 is up (0.0010s latency).
Host 10.10.28.45 is up (0.0013s latency).
Host 10.10.28.46 is up (0.0012s latency).
Host 10.10.28.47 is up (0.0016s latency).
Host 10.10.28.48 is up (0.0015s latency).
Host 10.10.28.49 is up (0.0015s latency).
Host 10.10.28.50 is up (0.0015s latency).
Host 10.10.28.51 is up (0.0012s latency).
Host 10.10.28.100 is up (0.012s latency).
Host 10.10.28.105 is up (0.0041s latency).
Host 10.10.28.131 is up (0.0041s latency).
Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (20 hosts up) scanned in 2.36 seconds

Port Scanning with range 100-150

zullfree@zullfree:~$ nmap 10.10.28.22 -p100-150

Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2010-08-30 17:33 WIT
Interesting ports on 10.10.28.22:
Not shown: 49 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
135/tcp open msrpc
139/tcp open netbios-ssn

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.16 seconds

for Scan Operating System :

zullfree@zullfree:~$ sudo nmap 10.10.28.22 -O

Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2010-08-30 17:35 WIT
Interesting ports on 10.10.28.22:
Not shown: 988 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
135/tcp open msrpc
139/tcp open netbios-ssn
445/tcp open microsoft-ds
3389/tcp open ms-term-serv
5101/tcp open admdog
49152/tcp open unknown
49153/tcp open unknown
49154/tcp open unknown
49155/tcp open unknown
49156/tcp open unknown
49157/tcp open unknown
49160/tcp open unknown
MAC Address: 00:04:4B:16:59:89 (Nvidia)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Microsoft Windows Vista|2008|7
OS details: Microsoft Windows Vista SP0 or SP1, Server 2008, or Windows 7 Ultimate (build 7000)
Network Distance: 1 hop

OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 8.39 seconds

nmap Faster Execution

If you want to make faster scan, use -T4 option on nmap command.

zullfree@zullfree:~$ sudo nmap -A -T4 10.10.28.3

Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2010-08-30 17:38 WIT
Interesting ports on 10.10.28.3:
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
5009/tcp open airport-admin Apple AirPort admin
10000/tcp open snet-sensor-mgmt?
MAC Address: 00:1F:F3:42:BD:75 (Apple)
Device type: general purpose
Running: NetBSD 4.X
OS details: NetBSD 4.99.4
Network Distance: 1 hop

OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 83.68 seconds

Beware of ‘Artist or Celebrity’ on the Internet

baddoel — Thu, 19 Aug 2010 06:37:59 +0000

According to security company McAfee, the article’s top celebrities including drawings has long been a soft bait to lead Internet users to visit a dangerous site.

Should be careful when looking for articles or photos of Hollywood celebrities like Cameron Diaz, Julia Roberts or Jessica Biel. Instead of profiting, the netter can even be constrained loss

Once the netter clicking on the site, even when the computer will be infected. Well, once infected by the hackers to easily crack passwords and commit other crimes is certainly detrimental to the account or computer owner.The third addition to the artist’s name on these boards, it seems that there are still some names that often dicatutkan in dangerous sites. Gisele Bundchen instance, Brad Pitt, Andriana Lima, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Nicole Kidman, Tom Cruise, Heidi Klum, Penelope Cruz and Anna Paquin.

McAffee own testing since last July with his company uses advanced technology to identify dangerous sites. Most people take photos or videos on these celebrity articles, but instead ended up in a dangerous site.

Tips to Change Your Login And Boot Screen In Ubuntu Lucid

baddoel — Mon, 16 Aug 2010 08:47:57 +0000

The latest version of Ubuntu (10.04 Lucid) comes with a plymouth theme that allows more cool and animated screen to be displayed during boot up. While this is a great improvement, it also means that all the previous method of setting your own boot screen and login screen is no longer valid. For those who are not happy with the default boot and login screen, here is how you can change them in Ubuntu Lucid. At this moment, there is no GUI to handle this, so everything has to be done via the command line. Follow closely and you’ll be fine.

Changing the login screen

1. Move your favorite login wallpaper to your Home folder. Make sure that it is of .JPG format.

2. Move the wallpaper to the system wallpaper directory. In the terminal:

sudo mv ~/your-wallpaper-name.jpg /usr/share/backgrounds

3. Activate the Appearance window upon login

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/gnome-appearance-properties.desktop /usr/share/

Close the terminal. Log out of your current session. At the login screen, the Appearance window will show up. Go to the background tab and select your favorite wallpaper as the background. (If you can’t find your favorite wallpaper, click Add. You should be able to find your wallpaper in the /usr/share/backgrounds directory).

5. Your login background will instantly change to the wallpaper you have selected. Now login to your desktop.

6. Open a terminal. Type the following command to deactivate the Appearance window upon login.

sudo unlink /usr/share/gdm/autostart/LoginWindow/gnome-appearance-properties.desktop

Changing the boot screen

The plymouth theme uses a theme framework to display the background and animation, so you won’t be able to take a simple wallpaper and put it on the boot screen. The Ubuntu repository comes with several plymouth themes that you can install in your system.

sudo apt-get install plymouth-theme-*

This will install all the plymouth themes in the repository.

Next, select the theme that you want to display:

sudo update-alternatives –config default.plymouth

you will see a list of the theme for you to choose. Type in the number of the theme you want and press Enter.

Update: According to Pvalley67, you have to run the following command to update the system. I have got it working without having to run the command, but you can do it if you are not seeing the new splash screen.

sudo update-initramfs -u

Restart your computer. You should see your new boot screen in action.

Source : maketecheasier.com/change-login-and-boot-screen-in-ubuntu-lucid/2010/05/13

Reflection of The Heart of RIM for The User is BlackBerry OS 6

baddoel — Sun, 08 Aug 2010 09:07:17 +0000

Although some analysts still doubt, the BlackBerry OS 6 still harvest a row of praise from Mike Lazaridis, President & co-CEO of Research In Motion (RIM). In fact, the operating system as a reflection digadang-gadang heart of RIM.

6 The BlackBerry operating system, according to Lazaridis, equipped with powerful features that distinguish BlackBerry connectivity with other handsets.

Changes can be directly felt from the user interface, redesigned so that claimed to be able to work seamless with touch screen and trackpad. While her expanded messaging capabilities as well as simplify the management of social media and RSS feeds.

As for the multimedia user experience, OS 6 features a new search universal tool and a new WebKit-based browser that is claimed to be able to render web pages quickly.

“BlackBerry OS 6 is a form of passion that is owned RIM to deliver a powerful user experience, simplicity, and good for those that enjoy optimal touch screen and keyboard,” said Lazaridis, who quoted in his statement on Saturday (08/07/2010).

“Through intensive research and development to address the needs and desires of our customers, we bring the experience of communication, browsing and multimedia that we believe will be popular users, and we are very excited for the first time used on BlackBerry smartphones BlackBerry six new Torch amazing,” he continued

OS 6 itself first appeared in the arena of World Enterprise Symposium 2010 held in Orlando, USA some time ago. BlackBerry OS 6 finally officially released to the market together with the presence of Research In Motion’s latest handset, the BlackBerry 9800 Torch.

As a new handset, it is clear Torch will was asked as the first BlackBerry that will run OS 6. And what about the new series of previous BlackBerry? What will also be able to run the operating system tergress it?

RIM is also apparently going to provide for the BlackBerry OS 6 series long. But not necessarily all of the previous series directly BlackBerry can run this OS.

Initially, the handsets Torch besides being groomed to be able to run OS 6 is Bold 9700 (Onyx), Bold 9650, Pearl and 3G. Only, unfortunately, RIM does not give any deadline must upgrade the OS services that are available in every country. They just say, it will happen in a matter of months.

Motorola Droid Upgrade Process to Android 2.2

baddoel — Sat, 07 Aug 2010 09:23:03 +0000

Yesterday, Erictric reported that shortly after unnamed bugs were encountered in build FRG01B of Android 2.2 [Froyo] for the original Motorola Droid, Verizon Wireless halted the upgrading process. Then, Android 2.2 build FRG22 was spotted on a few devices, suggesting that Verizon Wireless would replace build FRG01B with FRG22.

However, things are becoming a bit confusing. While Droid Life states that the Android 2.2 OTA update roll out will resume with FRG22 on August 12 — the same day in which the new Motorola Droid 2 is said to be released — MyDroidWorld reports that both Verizon Wireless and Motorola have decided to pull all of the Android 2.2 FRG builds and completely halt the upgrade process to Froyo due to incompatibility and licensing issues with Adobe Flash.

The leaked Android 2.2 FRG22 build is still available on the Internet to update manually. However, this is shocking to those who were expecting an official OTA update.

We have asked Verizon Wireless to provide us with more information regarding the Motorola Droid upgrade process to Android 2.2 [Froyo]. We will update as soon as the carrier sends us an official response. Stay tuned.

Source : erictric.com